IV.R147 — The donut ladder

The donut ladder is the five-rung compositional sequence on T^2: (1) quarks (fractional-winding C-sector modes, confined), (2) hadrons and nuclei (color-neutral composites with magic-number shells), (3) atoms (nuclear cores dressed by electron shells), (4) molecules (mode-sharing covalent/ionic bonds), (5) bulk matter (collective modes).