IV.D208 — Hybrid modes

A hybrid mode is a linear combination of s-type (l=0) and p-type (l=1) winding modes optimized for directional bonding: sp^3 yields four tetrahedral hybrids (109.5 deg, e.g., CH_4), sp^2 yields three planar hybrids plus one perpendicular p-mode (120 deg, e.g., C_2H_4), sp yields two linear hybrids (180 deg).